Einstein's Last Assistant

Dr. Bruria Kaufman, Einstein's last research assistant at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, turns 90 years old this year. She has had an extraordinary career, including collaborations with an amazing number of well-known scientists from various fields.

As a young researcher, she worked with Lars Onsager, a famous statistical physicist and Nobel-Prize-winning chemist, and John von Neumann, the Hungarian mathematician who was one of the great geniuses of the 20th century and helped invent the computer. She then spent time working with Einstein during his final days.

At the age of 27, during the 1955 Jubilee (50th anniversary) of relativity in Bern, she had the sad task of delivering Einstein's final paper on unified field theory. Her brilliant mentor had just passed away.

These varied areas of research are impressive in and of themselves. But then she collaborated with and married Zellig Harris, the founder of structural linguistics who advised Noam Chomsky. So she had yet another career as a prominent linguist.

Harris died in 1992, at the age of 82. In 1996, Kaufman married Nobel laureate physicist Willis Lamb, who was 83 at the time. She had known him from years earlier. Lamb was famous for having discovered the quantum phenomenon known as the Lamb shift, one of the earliest indications of virtual particles in the vacuum. They collaborated, later divorced, and Lamb recently died.

It is hard to think of a living scientist who has had a more diverse career than Dr. Kaufman.

Quantum Musicians

A common metaphor in quantum mechanics relates the standing wave vibrations of electrons in atoms to the harmonics of plucked guitar strings. Apparently that image has resonated with some of the offspring of quantum theorists who have chosen musical careers.

A pioneer of this trend was Olivia Newton-John, the English-born Australian musician who captivated audiences in Grease and Xanadu. Her maternal grandfather was none other than one of the principal founders of quantum mechanics, Goettingen physicist Max Born.

In more recent years, the band Eels has attracted a loyal following. Its founder, (aka "Mr. E") is Mark Everett, son of Hugh Everett, developer of the Many Worlds Interpretation of quantum mechanics. He was recently featured in the BBC documentary "Parallel Lives, Parallel Universes."

Albert Baez, an X-ray pioneer, passed away last year. You can guess who his famous daughter, a prominent folksinger, is.

Then there are Brian May, guitarist and songwriter of the classic rock band Queen, and Brian Cox of the UK Synthpop Band D:ream. They have started a kind of reverse trend. May has become an astrophysicist and chancellor of Liverpool John Moores University and Cox has become a physicist at CERN.

Quantum harmonies are more than just a metaphor these days!

The Way of Science in the Labyrinth of Culture

German historian of science Daniela Wuensch has just published a new book: The Way of Science in the Labyrinth of Culture

How can anyone resist a book with such a great title? It looks like an interesting read.
So far it is available only in German, however. So to travel through this labyrinth, those not fluent in that language may need a dictionary in addition to an Ariadne's thread.

Unifying the Forces of Nature

It has been the physics community's long-standing dream to unify the natural forces into a single comprehensive theory. Two of the pioneers in unified field theory attempts were physicists Oskar Klein and Albert Einstein. In my new history of physics article, I explore connections between their quests for unification in five dimensions.

Here's a link to my recently published article (subscription required to see the full content; alternatively, paper copies available upon request):

Klein, Einstein and Five-Dimensional Unification

A Guide to Understanding the Bomb

A book review I wrote of Doomsday Men by PD Smith has finally made its way into the pages of the Philadelphia Inquirer and also online:

A Guide to Understanding the Bomb

It is a fascinating book about the history and culture of superweapons and I highly recommend it.

Ironic Borgesian Textual Labyrinth with a Spam Minotaur

In several of the short stories of famed Argentine writer Jorge Luis Borges, he imagined assembling books from random snippets of characters or text--like monkeys pounding away on typewriters haphazardly and seeing what strange passages they've typed. In such works, any semblance of meaning would be hidden amongst page after page of pure nonsense. In "The Library of Babel" Borges imagines an entire universe of such random books, and librarians seeking deeper truth in this labyrinth of meaninglessness.

Yesterday I discovered a new blog "labyrinths-921.blogspot.com" that at first glance seemed to be dedicated to Borges and labyrinths. However, after reading through the blog for a split second, it vanished and automatically shifted to a commercial chat site (the details of which I'll spare the reader). With some effort, I restored the original blog and found it to be a randomly organized collection of text snippets pertaining to the Argentine writer and mazes with absolutely no rhyme or reason. For example, the Saturday, October 27 entry reads:

"No description. Labyrinths It is impossible to imagine the former owner/occupant of this decaying Borgesian labyrinth of books, which still palpably pulsates with ideas and visions that only a lover of Borges can appreciate and understand, not having the . Paris, France: There are extensive networks of catacombs, quarries and other tunnels running under the capital of France. Some of these amazing photographs were taken by urban explorers who lit the scenes with candles, . Labyrinths Borges The inspiring Labyrinth, Memorial Wall and Sculpture Garden are located approximately 13 miles north of Weed, CA on Hwy 97."

That's either remarkably ungrammatical writing, or the random assembly of text by a computer algorithm craftily designed to lure intellectuals into a maze of prose, only to be whisked away by the minotaur of commercialism and spam. Isn't it ironic that a Borgesian blog could be assembled through shear chance?

Shadows of Higher Dimensions

During a visit to Goettingen, Germany several years ago, I visited the mathematics building, built during the height of the department, when brilliant figures like David Hilbert, Hermann Weyl, Emmy Noether and Richard Courant roamed its halls and discussed whether there could be a complete description of mathematics (a hypothesis that would be disproven by Kurt Goedel).  I noticed a marvellous display case in the department's foyer, full of incredible models of polytopes (representations of higher dimensional figures).

I recently developed a presentation about the relationship between these "shadows of higher dimensions" and unified theories of nature:

Imagining the Fifth Dimension

The history of higher dimensions is described in my book:

The Great Beyond